동아시아 근대사상의 내셔널리즘과 트랜스내셔널리즘 —한중일 근대사상의 비교를 중심으로—

Abstract

Recently receiving the spotlight in the forum for East Asian discourses is the transnational approach in Anthropology which observes and investigates historical, philosophical, social, cultural and political phenomena, transcending the regional, national and geographical borders. To view diverse phenomena, not from the perspectives of a given nation or its citizens, from more object angle, is the objective of transnationalism. What is, then, transnationalism? Nationalism in East Asia has been dubbed statism, ethnocentrism. ultranationlism, patriotism and such in Chinese Characters, stressing the societal ideiologies of ethnic group or nation. That is the ism which seeks unity, independence and development, or the ism in pursuit of national unity and integrity. Contrary to nationalism, trans in transnationalism means ‘beyond, or transcend’, thus indicating that transnationalism refers to ‘ultra nationalism’ or ‘ultra ethnocentrism’, irrespective of one’s nation, race or domain. As one anthropological trend, ultra nationalism has only been theorized a few years ago but a number of persons whose grounds for thoughts which are ultranational and trans-regional have been many. This paper originated from such issue. This paper analyzed the adoption of Western thoughts in the middle of 19th century aforementioned in the preface, and elements of nationalistic thoughts in response to it. In addition, it discussed the possible of overcoming ‘nationalism of thoughts’, presented by Confucian scholar named Han Ki Choi in the late 19th century, the Joseon Dynasty and his ‘study of qi ’supported by eclecticism of the East and West. Next, if further analyzed ‘transnationalism of thoughts’ introduced as an antithesis to the nationalism of thoughts, while extrapolating on the 「Eclecticism of East and West」. A comparative analysis of eclectic trends, namely China’s [Jungchaesuhyongron] and Japan’s [Hwahonyangjaeron]. First it mentioned Jeosen’s [Dongdosuhgiron] of contemporary era, followed by the confician scholar named Ki Suhn Shin in the late Joseon Dynasty. He has a proponent of fusion of Western and Eastern thoughts, and it correlation with transnationailsm.