渡倭한 百濟系 韓人과 河內 —百濟王族의 渡倭와 관련하여—

Abstract

This paper aims to inquire the issue of Baekje people residing in Kawachi of Japan with respect of the international relation between Baekje and Wae. First, I looked over the move of the royalty from Baekje (百濟) crossing over to Wae (倭), that is Japan at present, with the focus on some of its members: Gonzi (昆支), Jijinwon (池津媛) and Jugun (酒君). Jugun worked at Ishikawa (石川) in Kawachi (河內), not Yamato (大和) as a base; Gonzi, at Aska (飛鳥) in Kawachi. Thus, all of these Baekje royal family members had a close relation with the area of Kawachi. It can be inferred from this result that royalty from Baekje were dispatched to Kawachi where Koreans (韓人) from Baekje passing over to Wae lived in groups in the islands. Therefore, as part of 'royal diplomacy', Jugun and Gonzi are thought to have been dispatched to the islands, fulfilling the role of managing people from Baekje living in Kawachi and contributing to maintenance of the Baekje-Wae alliance. Next, I cast a question of what kinds of needs the royalty of Wae had to admit the people of Baekje to migrate into Kawachi in groups. Based on some philological and archaeological materials, the development and governance in Kawachi throughout the fifth century reflected that large-scale immigration of people from Baekje into Kawachi was done (solely) after the royal authority of Wae had asked Baekje for engineering techniques needed for its massive development, one of Wae's major issues at that time. From the viewpoint of the royalty of Baekje, sending its people to Wae can be considered as a sort of people-dispatching, more specifically, sending forth its people in a certain region of a foreign country for the purpose of establishing a new and autonomous county there. After Baekje's request of building its autonomous county at Chukja (筑紫) was turned down by Wae, Baekje stopped dispatching people to Wae. Wae's disapproval was caused by the opposition from the party of Mononobe (物部) seen as relations of power inside Wae administration. Although the party of Mononobe was stepped down and that of Soga (蘇我) came to power and Baekje-Wae relationship became much closer again, no discussion on the request from Baekje was broached any more. Therefore, this issue can be clearly explained in terms of an antagonistic relationship between the two parties with some consideration of other factors as well. Throughout the sixth century, the royalty of Wae had spurred to centralize power. Given this situation, it can be inferred that Wae had no choice but to take sanctions against Baekje's direct governance of the its descendants living in the islands as well as of new settlers from Baekje. Accordingly, the issue that people from Baekje dispatched into Kawachi in the fifth century is considered a situation made by an interest between Baekje -sending forth its people and Wae-admitting Baekje's people.