운전 외 작업의 난이도에 따른 운전자의 시선 고정 및 제어권 전환 수행도 연구

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate driver's gaze fixation and takeover performance according to difficulty of a non-driving related task (NDRT). Background: NDRT has significant effect on driver's behavior in an automated vehicle. When NDRT is being performed, it is impossible for drivers to react immediately to takeover request. The more driver is engaged on NDRT, the less takeover performance will be. Therefore, it is necessary to identify which factors cause drivers to shift their gaze to NDRT. There might be many factors that attract driver's gaze, but in this paper, we will identify driver's gaze fixation and takeover performance with NDRT difficulty. Method: To investigate effects of NDRT difficulty on driver's gaze fixation and takeover performance, experiment was conducted through a driving simulator. NDRT difficulty was classified by 5 levels. The participants performed five trials depending on difficulty levels. During the experiments, fixation duration and eyes-on time was measured by eye-tracker and takeover time was recorded through driving simulator. Results: First, NDRT difficult has a significant effect on driver's fixation during autonomous driving. As considering %fixation duration, driver's gaze was fixated longer in the first and fifth level of difficulty than others. Also, there was a significant effect on takeover time. In the fifth level of difficulty, takeover time was longer than other levels of difficulty. However, eyes-on-time was constant depending on NDRT difficulty. Conclusion: NDRT difficult has a significant effect on driver's gaze fixation and takeover performance. %fixation duration and takeover time represented a u-shape depending on NDRT difficulty. Application: The results of the study could be utilized in in-vehicle infotainment of automated vehicles. This results make interaction between humans and automated vehicles much better.