루쉰과 나쓰메 소세키(夏目漱石)의 근대 주체 탐색― ‘나래주의(拿來主義)’와 ‘자기본위(自己本位)’의 ‘주체 세우기(立人)’ 양상

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the pattern of establishing a modern subject through Natsume Soseki, a intellectual of late modern country, and Lu Xun, a intellectual of premodern country. To this end, this paper discusses the aspects of Soseki’s ‘Self-Hood(自己本位)’ and Lu Xun’s ‘Nalaizhuyi(拿來主義)’. The Soseki’s ‘Self-Hood’ is not a selfish individualism but a ‘moral individualism’, and The Lu Xun’s ‘Nalaizhuyi’ emphasizes subjective activeness in the acceptance of foreign cultures. Through the ‘Self-Hood’, Soseki reconsiders the value of traditions forgotten in the process of modernization and emphasizes the reflective introduction of foreign cultures. The ‘Self-Hood’ and The ‘Nalaizhuyi’ emphasize the subject’s activeness and emphasize the value of freedom in which the subject’s activeness is expressed. For both Soseki and Lu Xun, freedom for the exercise of personality is the basic condition of modern subjects. Another reason why both emphasize the exercise of personality and freedom is the witness of the individual’s anxiety and solitude faced in the process of modernization. China and Japan only differed in the pace of modernization, and both were forced to throw away familiar ones and accept unfamiliar ones. This is due to the fact that the modernization of the two countries did not proceed voluntarily, but was counter-forced by external forces. On the other hand, since freedom for the exercise of personality may infringe the freedom of others, both require an ethic of self-check. This emphasis on the morality of literary art is also a key mechanism for the completion of both literary forms and contents. Both literary forms and contents, similar to self-centeredness, have a strong social color. They hoped that exercising their personality enthusiastically would ultimately break down the barriers between people, and in fact their literature had the effect of healing individualistic loneliness and anxiety faced by modern Japanese and Chinese through the exercise of personality.