고등학교 『동아시아사』의 예수회 관련 서술 분석과 제언 -2011년과 2015년 교육과정본의 비교를 중심으로-

Abstract

This paper analyzed the description of the Jesuits in the East Asian History(EAH) textbooks; specifically, compared the previous three types of EAH textbooks that were published in 2014(hereafter referred to as ‘2011 EAH’) with the new four types of EAH textbooks, which were recently published in 2018(hereafter referred to as ‘2015 EAH’) under the 2015 revised curriculum. Through a comparative analysis, this study found out that there has been a shift of emphasis from ‘east-west intercourse’ to ‘trade network expansion’ when the descriptions of chapter 4 in 2011 EAH is compared to the descriptions of chapter 3 in 2015 EAH. As a results, the overall descriptions of the Jesuits on its cultural intercourse has dispersed into different units within the chapter, which has weaken the coherence on unit title and its content descriptions. The remarkable features of the content descriptions may summarized as following two points. First, both descriptions in 2011 EAH and 2015 EAH mainly focused on European science and its technologies(sundial, calender, prism, alarm clock, gun powder etc) that the Jesuits brought to East Asia. Such descriptions are causing the risk of delivering a fixed image of Jesuits simply as ‘spreader of science and technology’. Therefore, the textbook must clarify the discordance between the purpose and the result of the Jesuits advance to East Asia. Second, EAH textbook thoroughly emphasis how Joseon reacted differently to the Jesuits compare to China and Japan, since Joseon had indirect intercourse through Joseon missions to Imperial China(燕行使) and Western learning(西學), whereas China and Japan had direct intercourse with the Jesuits. However, both 2011 EAH and 2015 EAH textbooks missed out mentioning the reasons why Joseon kept indirect intercourse with the Jesuits. Also, the Jesuits was a mediator of east-west cultural encounter, who did not just spread their culture in one way from west to east, but rather in both ways. Thus, the characteristics of reciprocality of the Jesuits may be highlighted as an important material in global history, and such point was newly found in 2015 EAH compare to 2011 EAH. EAH is supposed to bridge Korean History with World History and the Jesuits is suitable material for it. Such topic not only shows a distinctive characteristic of Korea among other countries in East Asia, but also demonstrates the reciprocality of east-west cultural encounter. Overall, the perspective of global history can be emphasized as an alternative to euro-centrism and modern-centrism, and the Jesuits is especially worthy of noticed in the history class.