Dopant-Tunable Ultrathin Transparent Conductive Oxides for Efficient Energy Conversion Devices
- Authors
- Kang, Dae Yun; Kim, Bo-Hyun; Lee, Tae Ho; Shim, Jae Won; Kim, Sungmin; Sung, Ha-Jun; Chang, Kee Joo; Kim, Tae Geun
- Issue Date
- 12월-2021
- Publisher
- SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS
- Keywords
- High transparency; Low sheet resistance; Metal implantation; Transparent conductive oxide; Work function
- Citation
- NANO-MICRO LETTERS, v.13, no.1
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- NANO-MICRO LETTERS
- Volume
- 13
- Number
- 1
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/135559
- DOI
- 10.1007/s40820-021-00735-y
- ISSN
- 2311-6706
- Abstract
- Ultrathin film-based transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) with a broad work function (WF) tunability are highly demanded for efficient energy conversion devices. However, reducing the film thickness below 50 nm is limited due to rapidly increasing resistance; furthermore, introducing dopants into TCOs such as indium tin oxide (ITO) to reduce the resistance decreases the transparency due to a trade-off between the two quantities. Herein, we demonstrate dopant-tunable ultrathin (<= 50 nm) TCOs fabricated via electric field-driven metal implantation (m-TCOs; m = Ni, Ag, and Cu) without compromising their innate electrical and optical properties. The m-TCOs exhibit a broad WF variation (0.97 eV), high transmittance in the UV to visible range (89-93% at 365 nm), and low sheet resistance (30-60 Omega cm(-2)). Experimental and theoretical analyses show that interstitial metal atoms mainly affect the change in the WF without substantial losses in optical transparency. The m-ITOs are employed as anode or cathode electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs), inorganic UV LEDs, and organic photovoltaics for their universal use, leading to outstanding performances, even without hole injection layer for OLED through the WF-tailored Ni-ITO. These results verify the proposed m-TCOs enable effective carrier transport and light extraction beyond the limits of traditional TCOs.
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