郭璞의 晉代 漢語 入聲韻 음운체계

Abstract

This study is designed to reconstruct phonology of Rusheng[入聲] as reflected in the Guo Pu[郭璞]’s glosses and rimes, which will be employed as main clues to set up his phonological system. Guo Pu(AD 276—324) has left a massive number of sound glosses to some exegetic and literary works, and a handful of rimes in his extant verses. His glosses include the fanqie spellings[反切法] and the direct phonetic notaions[直音法] which, along with his rimes, are claimed to signal a certain phonology of Jin Dynasty[晉代], halfway between Old Chinese[OC] and Middle Chinese[MC]. For our discussion, we take up Zheng-Zhang’s OC and MC systems as reference with minor modification to his MC medials. The conclusions are stated as follows: MC 1st div. Wu Rime[屋₁韻] stays as it was in OC, while the other rimes from OC Wu Group[屋部] and Jiao Group[覺部] are on the way toward MC. The formation of Duo Rime[鐸韻] and Yao Rime[藥韻], both of which will belong to Dang Rime Group[宕攝] in Late Middle Chinese, has been completed. Mo Rime[陌韻] of Geng Rime Group[梗攝] does not appear to have progressed much out of OC as of the Guo’s period. MC Xi Rime[昔韻] has two different OC Duo Group[鐸部] origins, one of which had a long vowel *–aa-, the other of which had a short *–a-. In Guo’s phonology, the former is postulated to retain –aa-, while the latter is assumed to be in the transitional phase making its way toward –e- which is believed to be occasioned by the 3rd div. medial. Mai Rime[麥韻] and Xi Rime[錫韻] have retained their vowel as –e- without changing its sound value throughout the periods from OC to MC. It is entirely possible that MC Zhen Rime Group[臻攝] and Shan Rime Group[山攝] have been formed. Xian Rime Group[咸攝] does not seem to have been fully formed, while the formation of Qin Rime Group[侵攝] may have been almost completed in the Guo’s system.