Enhancing Time-Frequency Analysis with Zero-Mean Preprocessing
- Authors
- Jin, Sunghyun; Johansson, Philip; Kim, HeeSeok; Hong, Seokhie
- Issue Date
- Apr-2022
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- second-order side-channel analysis; time-frequency analysis; Fourier transform; masking; hiding; desynchronization
- Citation
- SENSORS, v.22, no.7
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- SENSORS
- Volume
- 22
- Number
- 7
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/140412
- DOI
- 10.3390/s22072477
- ISSN
- 1424-8220
1424-3210
- Abstract
- Side-channel analysis is a critical threat to cryptosystems on the Internet of Things and in relation to embedded devices, and appropriate side-channel countermeasure must be required for physical security. A combined countermeasure approach employing first-order masking and desynchronization simultaneously is a general and cost-efficient approach to counteracting side-channel analysis. With the development of side-channel countermeasures, there are plenty of advanced attacks introduced to defeat such countermeasures. At CARDIS 2013, Belgarric et al. first proposed time-frequency analysis, a promising attack regarding the complexity of computation and memory compared to other attacks, such as conventional second-order side-channel analysis after synchronization. Nevertheless, their time-frequency analysis seems to have lower performance than expected against some datasets protected by combined countermeasures. It is therefore required to study the factors that affect the performance of time-frequency analysis. In this paper, we investigate Belgarric et al.'s time-frequency analysis and conduct a mathematical analysis in regard to the preprocessing of frequency information for second-order side-channel analysis. Based on this analysis, we claim that zero-mean preprocessing enhances the performance of time-frequency analysis. We verify that our analysis is valid through experimental results from two datasets, which are different types of first-order masked Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) software implementations. The experimental results show that time-frequency analysis with zero-mean preprocessing seems to have an enhanced or complementary performance compared to the analysis without preprocessing.
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Collections - Graduate School > Department of Cyber Security > 1. Journal Articles
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