Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8-based paraprobiotics prevents obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses in high fat diet-fed mice

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the paraprobiotics, lactic acid bacteria lysates (LAB-P) prepared from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8, on obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. LAB-P (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased the HFD-induced increase in weight by approximately 20% compared to that in the HFD control. This result was accompanied by a decrease in adipose weight/size. The white adipose tissue weight of epididymis, subcutaneous inguinal region, and mesentery were decreased by 36%, 20%, and 40%, respectively, in LAB-P (100 mg/kg)-administered mice. The size of the epididymal white adipose tissue-derived adipocytes was reduced by 41%. The LAB-P-mediated reduction in adipose tissues was associated with downregulation of adipogenic factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha). In addition, LAB-P administration reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels by 23% and 42%, respectively, with a 55% reduction in lactate dehydrogenase levels. Stromal vascular fraction-derived adipose tissue macrophages were favorably regulated by LAB-P administration; the expression of CD11c, an inflammatory marker, was reduced by 30%, and that of CD206, an anti-inflammatory marker, was increased by 9-fold. These results were shown to correlated with the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta and IL-6) and downregulation of NF-kappa B expression. Furthermore, LAB-P administration suppressed HFD-induced fatty liver by activating AMPK alpha, an energy metabolic sensor. This study indicates that LAB-P effectively prevents HFD-induced obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory responses and serves a valuable basic work for utilizing LAB-P as functional food ingredient to preventing obesity and treating obesity-associated inflammatory diseases.