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Accelerated sunlight-driven conversion of industrial flue gas into biofuels by microfluidic high-throughput screening towards improving photosynthesis in microalgae under fluctuating light

Authors
Sung, Young JoonLee, Jeong SeopSim, Sang Jun
Issue Date
1-9월-2022
Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
Keywords
Biological conversion of CO2; Microalgae; Gel microdroplet-based screening; SNF2 gene; Biofuel; Flue gas
Citation
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, v.443
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume
443
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/141701
DOI
10.1016/j.cej.2022.136487
ISSN
1385-8947
Abstract
Sunlight-driven microalgal conversion of CO2 is a promising carbon neutral strategy for the sustainable production of various value-added products. However, its real-world application is challenging due to the irregularity of sunlight which reduces photosynthetic efficiency. Here, we report that microdroplet-based screening of photosynthesis-augmented microalgae mutant under fluctuating light accelerates mass production of CO2- derived algal biofuel in natural sunlight. Random insertional Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants were cultivated in single-layered microdroplet photobioreactors to be effectively applied to light conditions mimicking natural sunlight without self-shading. High-density microdroplets containing fast-growing mutants were efficiently selected at the single-droplet level by a centrifugation-assisted droplet sorting platform for high-throughput screening. Consequently, we isolated a mutant exhibiting cell growth 1.85-fold that of the wild-type even under continuous and rapid alteration in light intensity, which can serve as a cell stressor. After whole-genome resequencing, we found disruption in the SNF2 gene encoding ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, which reveal its importance for the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and accumulation of reactive oxygen species under fluctuating light. After a 1.6 ton-scale field culture utilizing natural sunlight and industrial CO2, the mutant showed increased biomass productivity, CO2 fixation rate, and calorific value, a crucial parameter of fuel performance, by 34.38%, 45.07%, and 16.82%, respectively. Our results indicate that improving photosynthesis of microalgae in fluctuating light environments elucidates the mechanisms responsible for enhancing the sunlight utilization, allowing industrial-scale biological CO2 conversion.
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