Enhanced ASGR2 by microplastic exposure leads to resistance to therapy in gastric canceropen access
- Authors
- Kim, Hyeongi; Zaheer, Javeria; Choi, Eui-Ju; Kim, Jin Su
- Issue Date
- 2022
- Publisher
- IVYSPRING INT PUBL
- Keywords
- Microplastics; gastric cancer; cancer hallmarks; polystyrene; ASGR2
- Citation
- THERANOSTICS, v.12, no.7, pp.3217 - 3236
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- THERANOSTICS
- Volume
- 12
- Number
- 7
- Start Page
- 3217
- End Page
- 3236
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/142150
- DOI
- 10.7150/thno.73226
- ISSN
- 1838-7640
- Abstract
- Background: Microplastics (MPs) are a new global environmental threat. Previously, we showed the biodistribution of MPs using [Cu-64] polystyrene (PS) and PET in mice. Here, we aimed to identify whether PS exposure has malignant effects on the stomach and induces resistance to therapy. Methods: BALB/c nude mice were fed 1.72 x 10(4) particles/mL of MP. We investigated PS accumulation in the stomach using radioisotope-labeled and fluorescent-conjugated PS. Further, we evaluated whether PS exposure induced cancer stemness and multidrug resistance, and whether it affected tumor development, tumor growth, and survival rate in vivo using a 4-week PS-exposed NCI-N87 mouse model. Using RNA-Seq analysis, we analyzed whether PS exposure induced gene expression changes in gastric tissues of mice. Results: PET imaging results showed that a single dose of [Cu-64]-PS remained for 24 h in the mice stomach. The 4-week daily repetitive dose of fluorescent conjugated PS was deposited in the gastric tissues of mice. When PS was exposed, a 2.9-fold increase in migration rate was observed for NCI-N87 cells. Immunocytochemistry results showed decreased E-cadherin and increased N-cadherin expression, and flow cytometry, qPCR, and western blot analysis indicated a 1.9-fold increase in N-cadherin expression after PS exposure. Further, PS-induced multidrug resistance to bortezomib, paclitaxel, gefitinib, lapatinib, and trastuzumab was observed in the NCI-N87 mouse model due to upregulated CD44 expression. RNA-seq results identified increased asialoglycoprotein receptor 2 (ASGR2) expression after PS exposure, and ASGR2 knockdown decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. Conclusion: We demonstrated that ASGR2 enhanced cancer hallmarks on PS exposure and induced resistance to chemo- and monoclonal antibody-therapy. Our preclinical findings may provide an incentive for further epidemiological studies on the role of MP exposure and its association with gastric cancer.
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