현대중국어 정도보어 ‘A/V+極+(了)’와 ‘了’에 관한 고찰

Abstract

This paper analyzed the semantic functional characteristics of 'A/V+Ji+(Le)' focusing on the role of 'Le' in 'A/V+Ji+(Le)', which has not been discussed much in previous studies. The results can be summarized as follows: First, in order to understand the relationship between 'A/V+Ji+(Le)' and 'Le', based on the corpus, the distribution difference according to the syntactic position of the degree adverb 'Ji', the collocation relations and semantic characteristics were examined. As a result, it suggests that the addition of 'Le' in 'A/V+Ji+(Le)' can be seen as voluntary. Next, when 'Ji' is used as an adverb or complement, there is a clear difference in the verb/adjective that is combined. Second, in order to analyze the relationship between the correct complement structure 'A/V+Ji+(Le)' and 'Le', the usage of 'Ji' and the resulting diachronic formation process of 'A/V+Ji+(Le)' were investigated. The degree adverb 'Ji' has undergone a process of transformation of syntactic and semantic functions from the original noun to a verb and from a verb to an adverb. At this time, the subjectification of 'Ji' played an important role in the diachronic formation of 'A/V+Ji+(Le)'. In this process, 'Ji' undergoes one more important change with the advent of the sentence-final particle 'Le'. Before early modern times, 'A/V+Ji' without 'Le' was the mainstream, but in early modern times 'A/V+Ji+Le' has become the mainstream form. Semantically, the emergence of the sentence-final particle 'Le', accelerates the subjectification of 'Ji'. That is, 'A/V+Ji' and 'A/V+Ji+Le' have different meanings. The former shows the meaning of the degree of the predicate, but the latter loses the meaning of the degree and plays a role in emphasizing only the speaker's cognitive judgment of the predicate proposition. Finally, the meaning and role of 'Le' in the 'A/V+Ji+(Le)' structure were discussed. In the corpus analysis, it could be confirmed that there were a lot of adjectives/verbs expressing emotions such as '高興, 難受, 難過, 可怕, 害怕, 痛苦, 興奮, 有趣' in 'A/V+Ji+Le' compared to 'A/V+Ji' or 'Ji+A/V'. This can be said because adding 'Le4' is suitable for emphasizing express the speaker's subjective emotional and cognitive state. As such, the 'Le' of 'A/V+Ji+(Le)' is a modal marker 'Le4' and is used to express the speaker's subjective opinion and belief, It can be said that it is used in various ways to emphasize and exaggerate the attitude of the speaker in combination with degree complement 'Ji'. which represents maximum amount/large amount. Therefore, syntactic and semantic differences between 'A/V+Ji' and 'A/V+Ji+Le' also occur depending on whether the modal marker 'Le4' is involved.