Mortality and Causes of Death among Individuals Diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Korea, 2004-2018: An Analysis of a Nationwide Population-Based Claims Database

Abstract

The mortality rate and causes of death among individuals diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Korea were described and compared to those of the general population of Korea using a nationwide population-based claims database. We included 13,919 individuals aged 20-79 years newly diagnosed with HIV between 2004 and 2018. The patients' vital status and cause of death were linked until 31 December 2019. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all-cause death and specific causes of death were calculated. By the end of 2019, 1669 (12.0%) of the 13,919 HIV-infected participants had died. The survival probabilities of HIV-infected individuals at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years after diagnosis in Korea were 96.2%, 91.6%, 85.9%, and 79.6%, respectively. The main causes of death during the study period were acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; 59.0%), non-AIDS-defining cancer (8.2%), suicide (7.4%), cardiovascular disease (4.9%), and liver disease (2.7%). The mortality rate of men and women infected with HIV was 5.60-fold (95% CI = 5.32-5.89) and 6.18-fold (95% CI = 5.30-7.09) that of men and women in the general population, respectively. After excluding deaths due to HIV, the mortality remained significantly higher, with an SMR of 2.16 (95% CI = 1.99-3.24) in men and 3.77 (95% CI = 3.06-4.48) in women. HIV-infected individuals had a higher overall mortality than the general population, with AIDS the leading cause of mortality. Additionally, mortality due to non-AIDS-related causes was higher in HIV-infected individuals.