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Hemolysis-Inspired, Highly Sensitive, Label-Free IgM Detection Using Erythrocyte Membrane-Functionalized Nanomechanical Resonatorsopen access

Authors
Lee, TaehaKim, WoongPark, JinsungLee, Gyudo
Issue Date
11월-2022
Publisher
MDPI
Keywords
immunoglobulin M; erythrocyte; cell membrane; microcantilever; resonant frequency
Citation
MATERIALS, v.15, no.21
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
MATERIALS
Volume
15
Number
21
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/146513
DOI
10.3390/ma15217738
ISSN
1996-1944
Abstract
Immunoglobulin detection is important for immunoassays, such as diagnosing infectious diseases, evaluating immune status, and determining neutralizing antibody concentrations. However, since most immunoassays rely on labeling methods, there are limitations on determining the limit of detection (LOD) of biosensors. In addition, although the antigen must be immobilized via complex chemical treatment, it is difficult to precisely control the immobilization concentration. This reduces the reproducibility of the biosensor. In this study, we propose a label-free method for antibody detection using microcantilever-based nanomechanical resonators functionalized with erythrocyte membrane (EM). This label-free method focuses on the phenomenon of antibody binding to oligosaccharides (blood type antigen) on the surface of the erythrocyte. We established a method for extracting the EM from erythrocytes and fabricated an EM-functionalized microcantilever (MC), termed EMMC, by surface-coating EM layers on the MC. When the EMMC was treated with immunoglobulin M (IgM), the bioassay was successfully performed in the linear range from 2.2 pM to 22 nM, and the LOD was 2.0 pM. The EMMC also exhibited excellent selectivity compared to other biomolecules such as serum albumin, gamma-globulin, and IgM with different paratopes. These results demonstrate that EMMC-based nanotechnology may be utilized in criminal investigations to identify blood types with minimal amounts of blood or to evaluate individual immunity through virus-neutralizing antibody detection.
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