Work function-tunable ZnO/Ag/ZnO film as an effective hole injection electrode prepared via nickel doping for thermally activated delayed fluorescence-based flexible blue organic light-emitting diodes
- Authors
- Kang, Song Kyu; Kang, Dae Yun; Park, Jae Wan; Son, Kyung Rock; Kim, Tae Geun
- Issue Date
- 1-2월-2021
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER
- Keywords
- Organic light-emitting diode; Transparent conductive electrode; Mechanical flexibility; Work function tuning; Ni-doped ZnO/Ag/ZnO
- Citation
- APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, v.538
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
- Volume
- 538
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/49621
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148202
- ISSN
- 0169-4332
- Abstract
- Metal-doped ZnO, as an alternative to indium tin oxide, has been extensively investigated; however, its widespread use has been limited because of its low conductivity and work function. In this study, ZnO was Ni-doped via co-sputtering to achieve work function tuning and improve its conductivity. The Ni-doped ZnO could be used as an effective hole injection electrode for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, we prepared a Nidoped ZnO/Ag/ZnO (Ni:ZAZ) electrode for thermally activated delayed fluorescence-based flexible blue OLEDs. The Ni:ZAZ electrode exhibited outstanding performance with a surface resistivity of 6.33 Omega/sq, high transmittance of 93.3% at 484 nm, and work function of up to 0.6 eV, along with a smooth surface and excellent mechanical durability. In addition, the Ni:ZAZ-based OLEDs exhibited excellent performance with a turn-on voltage of 3.0 V and a maximum current efficiency of 17.2 cd/A owing to its improved hole injection property. Furthermore, on flexible substrates, these OLEDs exhibited improved mechanical stability even after being subjected to 2000 bending cycles at a radius of curvature of 6 mm. Thus, the synthesis approach proposed in this study will pave a new pathway for the development of transparent electrodes for flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices.
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