Role of AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2 in Plant Immunity under Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay-Compromised Conditions at Low Temperatures
- Authors
- Nasim, Zeeshan; Fahim, Muhammad; Gawarecka, Katarzyna; Susila, Hendry; Jin, Suhyun; Youn, Geummin; Ahn, Ji Hoon
- Issue Date
- 11월-2020
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- NMD; Arabidopsis; immunity; NLRs; salicylic acid; temperature
- Citation
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, v.21, no.21
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
- Volume
- 21
- Number
- 21
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/51953
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijms21217986
- ISSN
- 1661-6596
- Abstract
- Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) removes aberrant transcripts to avoid the accumulation of truncated proteins. NMD regulates nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes to prevent autoimmunity; however, the function of a large number of NLRs still remains poorly understood. Here, we show that three NLR genes (AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2) are important for NMD-mediated regulation of defense signaling at lower temperatures. At 16 degrees C, the NMD-compromised up-frameshift protein1 (upf1) upf3 mutants showed growth arrest that can be rescued by the artificial miRNA-mediated knockdown of the three NLR genes. mRNA levels of these NLRs are induced by Pseudomonas syringae inoculation and exogenous SA treatment. Mutations in AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2 genes resulted in increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae, whereas their overexpression resulted in severely stunted growth, which was dependent on basal disease resistance genes. The NMD-deficient upf1 upf3 mutants accumulated higher levels of NMD signature-containing transcripts from these NLR genes at 16 degrees C. Furthermore, mRNA degradation kinetics showed that these NMD signature-containing transcripts were more stable in upf1 upf3 mutants. Based on these findings, we propose that AT1G72910, AT1G72940, and ADR1-LIKE 2 are directly regulated by NMD in a temperature-dependent manner and play an important role in modulating plant immunity at lower temperatures.
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