Electrochemolipolysis of Human Adipose Tissue

Abstract

Importance: Body fat contouring procedures have increasingly grown in popularity over the years. As such, there is a need for inexpensive, minimally invasive, and simple fat reduction/contouring technique. Objective: To examine the acid-base and histological changes in ex vivo human adipose tissue after electrochemolipolysis (ECL). Design, Setting, and Participants: Panniculus tissue specimens obtained after abdominoplasty procedures were tumesced with normal saline. Two platinum needle electrodes were inserted into each sample and connected to a DC power supply. Voltage (3-6 V) was varied and applied for 5 min. Specimens were sectioned through a sagittal midline across both electrode insertion sites and immediately stained with pH-sensitive dye. A numerical algorithm was used to calculate the area of the dye color change for each dosimetry pair. Samples were also evaluated utilizing light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin). An ex vivo human adipose tissue model was used for evaluating the effects of ECL. Results: Acidic and basic pH was appreciated surrounding the anode and cathode insertion sites, respectively. The effect was spatially localized and dose dependent. Statistical analysis of these data showed no significant difference between the mean area of the pH disturbance generated at the anode compared with the cathode at 3 V for 5 min (6.04 mm(2) vs. 2.95 mm(2), p = 0.40, 95% CI -4.8 to 11). A significantly greater area of pH disruption was generated at the cathode versus the anode in groups 4 V for 5 min (14.7 mm(2) vs. 5.00 mm(2), p = 0.032, 95% CI 0.93-19), 5 V for 5 min (15.5 mm(2) vs. 6.72 mm(2), p = 0.019, 95% CI 1.6-16), and 6 V for 5 min (22.5 mm(2) vs. 10.0 mm(2), p = 0.047, 95% CI 0.22-25). Acute structural changes in adipocytes were observed in all specimens. Vascular damage with adjacent adipocyte necrosis was prominent at the cathode site in group 6 V for 5 min. Conclusions and Relevance: ECL at the studied dosimetry parameters induced acid and base changes in human adipose tissue, suggesting its potential use in nonsurgical fat reduction as an ultralow cost alternative to current lipolytic devices and pharmaceuticals.