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Aging and the Immune System: the Impact of Immunosenescence on Viral Infection, Immunity and Vaccine Immunogenicity

Authors
Oh, Soo-JinLee, Jae KyungShin, Ok Sarah
Issue Date
12월-2019
Publisher
KOREA ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
Keywords
Immunosenescence; Aging; Viral infections; Vaccines
Citation
IMMUNE NETWORK, v.19, no.6
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
KCI
Journal Title
IMMUNE NETWORK
Volume
19
Number
6
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/61397
DOI
10.4110/in.2019.19.e37
ISSN
1598-2629
Abstract
Immunosenescence is characterized by a progressive deterioration of the immune system associated with aging. Multiple components of both innate and adaptive immune systems experience aging-related changes, such as alterations in the number of circulating monocytic and dendritic cells, reduced phagocytic activities of neutrophils, limited diversity in B/T cell repertoire, T cell exhaustion or inflation, and chronic production of inflammatory cytokines known as inflammaging. The elderly are less likely to benefit from vaccinations as preventative measures against infectious diseases due to the inability of the immune system to mount a successful defense. Therefore, aging is thought to decrease the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccines, suggesting aging-associated decline in the immunogenicity induced by vaccination. In this review, we discuss aging-associated changes in the innate and adaptive immunity and the impact of immunosenescence on viral infection and immunity. We further explore recent advances in strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines in the elderly. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying immunosenescence-related immune dysfunction will provide a crucial insight into the development of effective elderly-targeted vaccines and immunotherapies.
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