Effects of Cl-2 plasma treatment on stability, wettability, and electrical properties of ITO for OLEDs
- Authors
- Jung, Sun-Gyu; Choi, Kyung Bok; Park, Chan Hyuk; Shim, Yong Sub; Park, Cheol Hwee; Park, Young Wook; Ju, Byeong-Kwon
- Issue Date
- Jul-2019
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
- Keywords
- Indium tin oxide (ITO); Work function; Wettability; Cl-2 plasma treatment; Stability; Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)
- Citation
- OPTICAL MATERIALS, v.93, pp.51 - 57
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- OPTICAL MATERIALS
- Volume
- 93
- Start Page
- 51
- End Page
- 57
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/64247
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.optmat.2019.04.056
- ISSN
- 0925-3467
- Abstract
- We investigated various characteristics of chlorinated indium tin oxide (Cl-ITO) for highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs): the work function, surface morphology, wetting characteristic, and hole-injection property. Via the systematic analysis of Cl-ITO, we showed that the modification of ITO using the plasma treatment method has a simple process and offers higher stability than that achieved with a solution-based modification method. We fabricated Cl-ITO with a high work function of 6.04 eV, which is 1.04 eV higher than that of pristine ITO. We verified that Cl-2 plasma treatment does not affect the ITO surface morphology. The Cl halogenated surface showed a low surface polarity and influenced the growth of the organic material, especially for films as thin as similar to 4 nm. Therefore, we found when using ultra-thin film on Cl-ITO for design devices, the wetting characteristic of Cl-ITO should be considered. In addition, using tris-(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)-amine resulted in increased current and power efficiencies compared with those obtained using 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazolebiphenyl. When a carrier-only device was used, the carrier-injection characteristics of Cl-ITO were higher than those of other well-known hole-injection materials. Furthermore, the Cl-ITO OLEDs showed higher stability than OLEDs with other hole-injection materials.
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