Simple and Efficient Spherical Crystallization of Clopidogrel Bisulfate Form-I via Anti-Solvent Crystallization Method
- Authors
- An, Ji-Hun; Kiyonga, Alice Nguvoko; Lee, Eun Hee; Jung, Kiwon
- Issue Date
- 1월-2019
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Keywords
- polymorphs; clopidogrel bisulfate; anti-solvent crystallization; spherical agglomerate
- Citation
- CRYSTALS, v.9, no.1
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- CRYSTALS
- Volume
- 9
- Number
- 1
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/68818
- DOI
- 10.3390/cryst9010053
- ISSN
- 2073-4352
- Abstract
- Clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP) form-I crystals are irregular, rectangular-shaped crystals. Because of their poor compressibility, flowability and their strong surface tension, manufacturers apply spherical crystallization methods to produce CLP form-I spherical agglomerates with a uniform particle size distribution. Consequently, manufacturers primarily synthesize CLP form-I crystal salts utilizing very complex methods, which produces form-I spherical agglomerates by means of spherical crystallization. In this study, spherical crystals of CLP Form-I were directly prepared from CLP Form-II, the most stable polymorph at room temperature, by using ethanol as solvent and a mixture of isopropyl alcohol (IPA)/n-Hexane (Hex) as an anti-solvent. To provide systematic inputs for the development of spherical agglomerates of optimal morphology, size, particle size distribution (PSD), and polymorphic form, processing parameters such as anti-solvent type, a mixture of IPA/Hex, pure Hex, or pure acetone; stirring speeds of 500, 600, 700, or 800 rpm; and temperatures ranging from 25 to 40 degrees C were explored. The effects of these parameters on spherical crystallization and polymorphic form were studied in terms of supersaturation, a driving force for polymorphic transformation, and the crystallization solution. Notably, our method does not require a large volume of anti-solvent which is the main complication of conventional anti-solvent crystallization methods.
- Files in This Item
- There are no files associated with this item.
- Appears in
Collections - College of Pharmacy > Department of Pharmaceutical Science > 1. Journal Articles
Items in ScholarWorks are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.