Target-oriented photofunctional nanoparticles (TOPFNs) for selective photodynamic inactivation of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Abstract

To inactivate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with minimum damage to host cells and tissue, target-oriented photofunctional nanoparticles (TOPFNs) were fabricated and characterized. MRSA is a predominant infective pathogen even in hospital and non-hospital environments due to its ability to develop high levels of resistance to several classes of antibiotics through various pathways. To solve this major problem, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) method applies to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. PDI involves the photo-sensitizer (PS) and light with a specific wavelength to be able to apply for a non-invasive therapeutic procedure to treat pathogenic bacteria by inducing apoptosis or necrosis of microorganisms. However, most current PDI researches have suffered from the instability of PDI agents in the biological environment due to the lack of selectivity and low solubility of PDI agents, which leads to the low PDI efficiency. In this study, the TOPFNs were fabricated by an esterification reaction to introduce hematoporphyrin (HP) and MRSA antibody to the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The TOPFNs were designed as dispersible PDI agent in biological condition, which was effectively used for selectively capturing and killing of MRSA. The capture efficiency TOPFNs was compared with PFNs as a negative control. The results showed that the capture efficiency of TOPFNs and PFNs was 95.55% and 6.43% in MRSA and L-929 cell mixed condition, respectively. And TOPFNs have a selective killing ability for MRSA with minimum damage to L-929 cells. Furthermore, PDI effect of TOPFNs was evaluated on the mice in vivo condition in order to check the possibility of practical medical application.