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Digoxin enhances radiation response in radioresistant A549 cells by reducing protein phosphatase 2A

Authors
Lee, Ji YoungKim, Mi-SookLee, Mi SoJu, Jae EunChung, NamhyunJeong, Youn Kyoung
Issue Date
22-12월-2017
Publisher
PORTLAND PRESS LTD
Citation
BIOSCIENCE REPORTS, v.37
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
BIOSCIENCE REPORTS
Volume
37
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/81136
DOI
10.1042/BSR20171257
ISSN
0144-8463
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitous multifunctional enzyme usually known as a tumor suppressor. Recent studies have reported that although inhibition of PP2A leads to acceleration of cell growth, it also induces damaged cells to pass through the cell cycle and renders them sensitive to radiotherapy. Here, we investigated the radiosensitizing effects of digoxin as a PP2A inhibitor in two non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell types (H460 and A549) with differential sensitivity to radiation. Digoxin inhibited the proliferation of H460 and A549 cells in a dose-dependent fashion and was especially effective on radioresistant A549 cells. Interestingly, the radiosensitizing effect of digoxin was only present in the radioresistant A549 cells and xenografts. The combination of digoxin and ionizing radiation (IR) significantly reduced clonogenic survival and xenograft tumor growth (P<0.001), compared with IR alone. Digoxin suppressed PP2A protein expression and prevented IR-induced PP2A expression in A549 cells. Digoxin treatment combined with IR allowed the damaged cell to progress through the cell cycle via suppression of cell cycle-related proteins (p53, cyclin D1, cyclin B1, CDK4, and p-cdc2). Moreover, digoxin enhanced IR-induced DNA damage through reduction in levels of repair proteins and elevation of p-ATM foci formation up to 24 h (P<0.001). In conclusion, digoxin has a novel function as a PP2A inhibitor, and combined with IR produces a synergistic effect on radiosensitizing cells, thereby indicating a potentially promising therapeutic approach to radioresistant lung cancer treatment.
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