Real-time video watermarking techniques robust against re-encoding

Abstract

This paper presents a real-time watermarking codec that is robust against re-encoding attacks for high-definition videos. The codec uses a segmentation function and texture detector techniques for applying real-time watermarking to human visual systems. Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme satisfies the requirements of invisibility, real-time processing, and robustness against format conversion and low bit-rate encoding. The proposed algorithm has the advantages of simplicity, flexibility, and low computational burden; thus, it is a suitable candidate for many novel and interesting applications such as video fingerprinting for set-top boxes, Internet protocol television, personal video recorders, and satellite boxes.