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Switching of Photonic Crystal Lasers by Graphene

Authors
Hwang, Min-SooKim, Ha-ReemKim, Kyoung-HoJeong, Kwang-YongPark, Jin-SungChoi, Jae-HyuckKang, Ju-HyungLee, Jung MinPark, Won IlSong, Jung-HwanSeo, Min-KyoPark, Hong-Gyu
Issue Date
3월-2017
Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
Keywords
Graphene; photonic crystals; nanolasers; switching
Citation
NANO LETTERS, v.17, no.3, pp.1892 - 1898
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
NANO LETTERS
Volume
17
Number
3
Start Page
1892
End Page
1898
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/84250
DOI
10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05207
ISSN
1530-6984
Abstract
Unique features of graphene have motivated the development of graphene-integrated photonic devices. In particular, the electrical tunability of graphene loss enables high-speed modulation of light and tuning of cavity resonances in graphene-integrated waveguides and cavities. However, efficient control of light emission such as lasing, using graphene, remains a challenge. In this work, we demonstrate on/off switching of single- and double-cavity photonic crystal lasers by electrical gating of a monolayer graphene sheet on top of photonic crystal cavities. The optical loss of graphene was controlled by varying the gate voltage V-g, with the ion gel atop the graphene sheet. First, the fundamental properties of graphene were investigated through the transmittance measurement and numerical simulations. Next, optically pumped lasing was demonstrated for a graphene-integrated single photonic crystal cavity at V-g below-0.6 V, exhibiting a low lasing threshold of -4801 mu W, whereas lasing was not observed at V-g above -0.6 V owing to the intrinsic optical loss of graphene. Changing quality factor of the graphene-integrated photonic crystal cavity enables or disables the lasing operation. Moreover, in the double-cavity photonic crystal lasers with graphene, switching of individual cavities with separate graphene sheets was achieved, and these two lasing actions were controlled independently despite the close distance of -2.2 mu m between adjacent cavities. We believe that our simple and practical approach for switching in graphene-integrated active photonic devices will pave the way toward designing high-contrast and ultracompact photonic integrated circuits.
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