“말할 수 없이 부끄러운 국가 유산”으로부터 국가 사과의 날까지: 호주 원주민 정책의 변화

Abstract

Indigenous affairs has been described as a ‘wicked policy issue’ in Australia and remains one of the most difficult policy issues. The legacies of British colonization continued in debates over the appropriate recognition of indigenous peoples in Australia’s Constitution. However, in 1967, a continued civil rights campaign by indigenous activists resulted in overwhelming support for a referendum granting indigenous population equal citizenship rights. The 1967 referendum was a watershed event in Australia’s indigenous affairs but it was only the beginning of a long struggle. It is the development and global diffusion of human rights and transitional justice, which influenced the significant changes in Australia’s indigenous policy. Since the 1990s, a decade of official reconciliation began and the debates over Australia’s history and national identity intensified. Later, the political focus had increasingly turned to more practical side of reconciliation by addressing socioeconomic disadvantage in indigenous communities. Using the norm life cycle theory and advocacy networks approaches, I argue that this significant policy change in Australia was caused by two interacting factors: first, the advocacy of civil rights activists and second, the diffusion of international human rights norms.