Electric and magnetic energy at axion haloscopes

Abstract

We review the electro-magnetic energy at axion haloscopes and find that the electric and the corresponding magnetic energy stored in the cavity modes or, equivalently, the mode dependent electric and magnetic form factors are the same regardless of the position of the cavity inside the solenoid. Furthermore, we extend our argument to the cases satisfying (del) over right arrow x (B) over right arrow (external) = 0, where (B) over right arrow (external) is a static magnetic field provided by a magnet at an axion haloscope. Two typical magnets, solenoidal and toroidal, satisfy (del) over right arrow x (B) over right arrow (external) = 0; thus, the electric and the corresponding magnetic energy stored in the cavity modes are always the same in both cases. The energy, however, is independent of the position of the cavity in axion haloscopes with a solenoid, and depends on those with a toroidal magnet.