엘리자베스 비숍의 시: “치환의 기술”은 “하나의 예술”

Abstract

Elizabeth Bishop’s “art of displacement” has been viewed as one of her most “pervasive and persistent” strategies throughout her career. It functions as a set of rhetorical techniques to make her poems intricate and multi-layered art; and at the same time as a more personal mechanism to conceal and transform her private life stories, insecure gender, love and loss into “one art.” Thus in analyzing “Sleeping on the Ceiling,” “Sleeping Standing Up,” “Exchanging Hats,” “The Gentleman of Shalott,” and “Crusoe in England,” this paper examines Bishop’s compelling artistic strategy and its subtle and complex implications. The first half of this paper pursues how the art of displacement, particularly the inversion of order and degrees, and the conversion of gender role-play are employed. The second half, arguing how the art of displacement, especially Bishop’s “re-seeing” Tennyson’s “The Lady of Shalott” and Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe, constitutes a methodology toward creative production.