Hydroformability assessment of AA6063 tubes using the polar effective plastic strain diagram

Abstract

Conventional forming limit diagram concept to determine the forming severity in tube hydroformed products might be restrictive because materials experience complex stress and strain path changes during the shaping process. In this study, a polar effective plastic strain diagram approach was adopted as a strain path-insensitive measurement to establish a criterion for evaluation of necking and, consequently, bursting failures in the tube hydroforming process. The polar effective plastic strain-based failure prediction uses information of the effective plastic strain and the direction defined by the arctangent of the current strain-rate ratio. These values were measured and calculated from free-expansion tests of straight AA6063 tubes for various combinations of axial feed and internal pressure using a stereo vision-based surface strain measurement system. The polar effective plastic strain diagram was constructed and applied to finite element analysis to predict the forming limit of AA6063 tubes. The effect of pretensions was also considered.