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Isolated vestibular nuclear infarction: report of two cases and review of the literature

Authors
Kim, Hyo-JungLee, Seung-HanPark, Jae HanChoi, Jung-YoonKim, Ji-Soo
Issue Date
1월-2014
Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
Keywords
Vestibulopathy; Vestibular nucleus; Lateral medullary infarction; Vertigo
Citation
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, v.261, no.1, pp.121 - 129
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
Volume
261
Number
1
Start Page
121
End Page
129
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/99733
DOI
10.1007/s00415-013-7139-0
ISSN
0340-5354
Abstract
Cerebral infarction presenting with isolated vertigo remains a diagnostic challenge. To define the clinical characteristics of unilateral infarctions restricted to the vestibular nuclei, two patients with isolated unilateral vestibular nuclear infarction had bedside and laboratory evaluation of the ocular motor and vestibular function, including video-oculography, bithermal caloric irrigation, the head impulse test (HIT) using magnetic scleral coils, and cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). We also reviewed the literature on isolated vertigo from lesions restricted to the vestibular nuclei, and analyzed the clinical features of seven additional patients. Both patients showed spontaneous torsional-horizontal nystagmus that beat away from the lesion side, and direction-changing gaze-evoked nystagmus. Recording of HIT using a magnetic search coil system documented decreased gains of the vestibular-ocular reflex for the horizontal and posterior semicircular canals on both sides, but more for the ipsilesional canals. Bithermal caloric tests showed ipsilesional canal paresis in both patients. Cervical and ocular VEMPs showed decreased or absent responses during stimulation of the ipsilesional ear. Initial MRIs including diffusion-weighted images were normal or equivocal, but follow-up imaging disclosed a circumscribed acute infarction in the area of the vestibular nuclei. Infarctions restricted to the vestibular nuclei may present with isolated vertigo with features of both peripheral and central vestibulopathies. Central signs should be sought even in patients with spontaneous horizontal-torsional nystagmus and positive HIT. In patients with combined peripheral and central vestibulopathy, a vestibular nuclear lesion should be considered especially when hearing is preserved.
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