The Effect of Hypertonic Saline on mRNA of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Polymorphonuclear Cells
- Authors
- Choi, S.-H.; Yoon, Y.-H.; Kim, J.-Y.; Moon, S.-W.; Cho, Y.-D.; Yeom, J.-W.
- Issue Date
- 2014
- Publisher
- Excerpta Medica Inc.
- Keywords
- Cytokine; Hypertonic saline solution; Immune; Inflammation; Neutrophil; Toll-like receptor 4
- Citation
- Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and Experimental, v.76, pp.58 - 62
- Indexed
- SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- Current Therapeutic Research - Clinical and Experimental
- Volume
- 76
- Start Page
- 58
- End Page
- 62
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/100828
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.curtheres.2014.06.003
- ISSN
- 0011-393X
- Abstract
- Background: Hypertonic saline is often used to resuscitate patients experiencing shock. In such conditions, polymorphonuclear cells and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form an essential part of early induced innate immunity. Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of hypertonic saline on polymorphonuclear cells by evaluating the changes in TLR-4 receptors and proinflammatory cytokines. Methods: Polymorphonuclear cells were isolated from whole blood using Polymorphprep (Axis-Shield, Oslo, Norway). The isolated polymorphonuclear cells were plated at a density of 1 × 106cells/mL in 6-well flat-bottomed culture plates and were stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The stimulated polymorphonuclear cells were cultured in hypertonic saline at 10, 20, or 40 mmol/L above isotonicity. After that, the changes in TLR-4 and cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Results: The level of TLR-4 mRNA expression decreased after stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, but hypertonic saline did not affect the TLR-4 mRNA expression. TLR-4 mRNA expression was clearly induced upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, and the addition of hypertonic saline restored TLR-4 mRNA expression in polymorphonuclear cells. The interleukin-1β mRNA expression was decreased in the hypertonic environment. On the other hand, the tumor necrosis factor-α value was not influenced by the addition of hypertonic saline. Conclusions: Hypertonic saline has an immunomodulatory effect on polymorphonuclear cells through the TLR-4 pathway, and the interleukin-1β-associated pathway is influenced more by hypertonic saline than is the tumor necrosis factor-α-associated pathway. © 2014 The Authors.
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