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Citrus junos Tanaka Peel Extract and Its Bioactive Naringin Reduce Fine Dust-Induced Respiratory Injury Markers in BALB/c Male Mice

Authors
Lee, Dong-HunWoo, Jin-KyungHeo, WanHuang, Wen-YanKim, YunsikChung, SoohakLee, Gyeong-HweonPark, Jae-WoongHan, Bok-KyungShin, Eui-ChulPan, Jeong-HoonKim, Jae-KyeomKim, Young-Jun
Issue Date
Mar-2022
Publisher
MDPI
Keywords
Citrus junos Tanaka; naringin; fine dust; particulate matter 10; pulmonary; apoptosis
Citation
NUTRIENTS, v.14, no.5
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
NUTRIENTS
Volume
14
Number
5
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/140454
DOI
10.3390/nu14051101
ISSN
2072-6643
2072-6643
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) 10 refers to fine dust with a diameter of less than 10 mu m and induces apoptosis and inflammatory responses through oxidative stress. Citrus junos Tanaka is a citrus fruit and contains bioactive flavonoids including naringin. In the present study, we aimed to identify the preventive effect of Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract (CPE) against PM10-induced lung injury. As a proof of concept, NCI-H460 cells were treated with CPE (800 mu g/mL, 12 h) in conjunction with PM10 to examine intracellular antioxidative capacity in the pulmonary system. In an in vivo model, male BALB/c mice (n = 8/group) were randomly assigned into five groups: NEG (saline-treated), POS (PM10 only), NAR (PM10 + naringin, 100 mg/kg), CPL (PM10 + CPE low, 100 mg/kg), and CPH (PM10 + CPE high, 400 mg/kg). Intervention groups received dietary supplementations for 7 days followed by PM10 exposure (100 mg/kg, intranasal instillation). Compared to the NEG, the CPE decreased to 22% of the ROS generation and significantly increased cell viability in vitro. The histological assessments confirmed that pulmonary damages were alleviated in the PM10 + CPL group compared to the POS. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-kappa B/apoptosis signaling-related markers were decreased in the PM10 + CPL group compared to the POS. These results indicated that CPE showed promising efficacy in preventing pulmonary injuries in vivo. Such protection can be explained by the anti-oxidative capacity of CPE, likely due to its bioactives, including naringin (7.74 mg/g CPE). Follow-up human intervention, as well as population-level studies, will further shed light on the preventive efficacy of CPE against pulmonary damage in humans.
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