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In vivoassessment of the toxicity of electronic cigarettes to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, following gestational exposure, in terms of mortality, developmental toxicity, and hair cell damage: Toxicity of E-cigs to zebrafish embryos

Authors
Chang, Y. S.Park, S. M.Rah, Y. C.Han, E. J.Koun, S., IChang, J.Choi, J.
Issue Date
Jan-2021
Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
Keywords
Electronic cigarettes; toxicity; zebrafish; hair cell; embryonic development
Citation
HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, v.40, no.1, pp.148 - 157
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume
40
Number
1
Start Page
148
End Page
157
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/50280
DOI
10.1177/0960327120947785
ISSN
0960-3271
Abstract
With the ban of conventional cigarettes from public spaces, electronic cigarette (E-cig) liquids have emerged as a nicotine replacement treatment for smoking cessation. However, consumers possess little knowledge of the ingredients and health effects of E-cig liquids following exposure. This study evaluated hair cell damage and developmental toxicities following gestational exposure to E-cig liquids. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to E-cig liquids at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%). Embryonic developmental toxicity and hair cell damage was evaluated at 6 and 7 d, respectively, after fertilization. The average number of hair cells in the anterior lateral line (ALL) and posterior lateral line (PLL) following E-cig exposure was compared to that of the control. Morphological abnormalities and heart rate were evaluated. E-cig liquids significantly damaged the hair cells in the ALL, compared to the control (control; 52.85 +/- 5.29 cells, 0.1% E-cig; 49.43 +/- 7.70 cells, 0.2% E-cig; 40.68 +/- 12.00 cells, 0.4% E-cig; 32.14 +/- 20.75%; n = 29-40; p < 0.01). At high concentrations, E-cig liquids significantly damaged the hair cells in the PLL (control; 36.88 +/- 5.43 cells, 0.1% E-cig; 33.06 +/- 5.21 cells, 0.2% E-cig; 30.95 +/- 8.03 cells, 0.4% E-cig; 23.72 +/- 15.53%, n = 29-40; p < 0.01). No morphological abnormalities in body shape, somites, notochord, tail, and pectoral fin were observed; however, abnormalities were observed in the dorsal fin and heart rate at high concentrations. Thus, gestational exposure to E-cigs significantly damaged hair cells in a concentration-dependent manner and induced developmental toxicities to the dorsal fin and heart rate at high concentrations.
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