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Ameliorative Effect of Citrus junos Tanaka Waste (By-Product) Water Extract on Particulate Matter 10-Induced Lung Damageopen access

Authors
Huang, Wen-YanHeo, WanJeong, InhyeKim, Mi-JeongHan, Bok-KyungShin, Eui-CheolKim, Young-Jun
Issue Date
Jun-2022
Publisher
MDPI
Keywords
Citrus junos Tanaka; waste; by-product; particulate matter 10; pulmonary; inflammation
Citation
NUTRIENTS, v.14, no.11
Indexed
SCIE
SCOPUS
Journal Title
NUTRIENTS
Volume
14
Number
11
URI
https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/143034
DOI
10.3390/nu14112270
ISSN
2072-6643
2072-6643
Abstract
Citrus junos Tanaka (CJ)-related products are well-accepted by consumers worldwide; thus, they generate huge amounts of waste (peel, pulp, and seed) through CJ processing. Although some CJ by-products (CJBs) are recycled, their use is limited owing to the limited understanding of their nutritional and economic value. The exposure to particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of CJB extracts (100, 200 mg/kg/day, 7 days) on PM10-induced (10 mg/kg, intranasal, 6 h) lung damage in BALB/c mice. Cell type-specific signaling pathways are examined using the A549 (PM10, 200 mu g/mL, 6 h) and RAW264.7 (LPS, 100 ng/mL, 6 h) cell lines. The CJB extracts significantly attenuated PM10-induced pulmonary damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in a mouse model. The essential protein markers in inflammatory signaling pathways, such as AKT, ERK, JNK, and NF-kappa B for PM10-induced phosphorylation, were dramatically reduced by CJB extract treatment in both the mouse and cell models. Furthermore, the CJB extracts reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in a dose-dependent manner in the cells. Comprehensively, the CJB extracts were effective in reducing PM10-induced lung injuries by suppressing pulmonary inflammation, potentially due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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