Dietary Variation among Children Meeting and Not Meeting Minimum Dietary Diversity: An Empirical Investigation of Food Group Consumption Patterns among 73,036 Children in India
- Authors
- Beckerman-Hsu, Jacob P.; Kim, Rockli; Sharma, Smriti; Subramanian, S. V.
- Issue Date
- 10월-2020
- Publisher
- OXFORD UNIV PRESS
- Keywords
- food groups; Minimum Dietary Diversity; India; geographic variation; nutritional needs assessment; infant and young child feeding practices
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, v.150, no.10, pp.2818 - 2824
- Indexed
- SCIE
SCOPUS
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
- Volume
- 150
- Number
- 10
- Start Page
- 2818
- End Page
- 2824
- URI
- https://scholar.korea.ac.kr/handle/2021.sw.korea/53078
- DOI
- 10.1093/jn/nxaa223
- ISSN
- 0022-3166
- Abstract
- Background: Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) is a widely used indicator of adequate dietary micronutrient density for children 6-23mo old. MDD food-group data remain underutilized, despite their potential for further informing nutrition programs and policies. Objectives: We aimed to describe the diets of children meeting MDD and not meeting MDD in India using food group data, nationally and subnationally. Methods: Food group data for children 6-23 mo old (n = 73,036) from the 2015-16 National Family Health Survey in India were analyzed. Per WHO standards, children consuming >= 5 of the following food groups in the past day or night met MDD: breast milk; grains, roots, or tubers; legumes or nuts; dairy; flesh foods; eggs; vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; and other fruits and vegetables. Children not meeting MDD consumed <5 food groups. We analyzed the number and types of foods consumed by children meeting MDD and not meeting MDD at the national and subnational geographic levels. Results: Nationally, children not meeting MDD most often consumed breast milk (84.5%), grains, roots, and tubers (62.0%), and/or dairy (42.9%). Children meeting MDD most often consumed grains, roots, and tubers (97.6%), vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (93.8%), breast milk (84.1%), dairy (82.1%), other fruits and vegetables (79.5%), and/or eggs (56.5%). For children not meeting MDD, district-level dairy consumption varied the most (6.4%-79.9%), whereas flesh foods consumption varied the least (0.0%-43.8%). For children meeting MDD, district-level egg consumption varied the most (0.0%-100.0%), whereas grains, roots, and tubers consumption varied the least (66.8%-100.0%). Conclusions: Children not meeting MDD had low fruit, vegetable, and protein-rich food consumption. Many children meeting MDD also had low protein-rich food consumption. Examining the number and types of foods consumed highlights priorities for children experiencing the greatest dietary deprivation, providing valuable complementary information to MDD.
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